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NEW QUESTION # 119
Scenario 5: Aizoia, located in Washington, DC, has revolutionized data analytics, software development, and consulting by using advanced Al algorithms. Central to its success is an Al platform adept at deciphering complex datasets for enhanced insights. To ensure that its Al systems operate effectively and responsibly, Aizoia has established an artificial intelligence management system AIMS based on ISO/IEC 42001 and is now undergoing a certification audit to verify the AIMS's effectiveness and compliance with ISO/IEC 42001.
Robert, one of the certification body's full-time employees with extensive experience in auditing, was appointed as the audit team leader despite not receiving an official offer for the role. Understanding the critical importance of assembling an audit team with diverse skills and knowledge, the certification body selected competent individuals to form the audit team. The certification body appointed a team of seven members to conduct the audit after considering the specific conditions of the audit mission and the required competencies.
Initially, the certification body, in cooperation with Aizoia, defined the extent and boundaries of the audit, specifying the sites (whether physical or virtual), organizational units, and the activities for review. Once the scope, processes, methods, and team composition had been defined, the certification body provided the audit team leader with extensive information, including the audit objectives and documented details on the scope, processes, methods, and team compositions.
Additionally, the certification body shared contact details of the auditee, including locations, time frames, and the duration of the audit activities to be conducted. The team leader also received information needed for evaluating and addressing identified risks and opportunities for the achievement of the audit objectives.
Before starting the audit, Robert wrote an engagement letter, introducing himself to Aizoia and outlining plans for scheduling initial contact. The initial contact aimed to confirm the communication channels, establish the audit team's authority to conduct the audit, and summarize the audit's key aspects, such as objectives, scope, criteria, methods, and team composition. During this first meeting, Robert emphasized the need for access to essential information that would help to conduct the audit.
Moreover, audit logistics, such as scheduling, access, health and safety arrangements, observer attendance, and the need for guides or interpreters, were thoroughly planned. The meeting also addressed areas of interest or concern, preemptively resolving potential issues and finalizing any matters related to the audit team composition.
As the audit progressed, Robert recognized the complexity of Aizoia's operations, leading him to conclude that a review of its Al-related data governance practices was essential for compliance with ISO/IEC 42001.
He discussed this need with Aizoia's management, proposing an expanded audit scope. After careful consideration, they agreed to conduct a thorough review of the Al data governance practices, but there was no mutual decision to officially change the audit scope. Consequently. Robert decided to proceed with the audit based on the original scope, adhering to the initial audit plan, and documented the conversation and decision accordingly.
Based on the scenario above, answer the following question:
Question:
Based on Scenario 5, did the certification body take the necessary steps to assure the overall competence of the audit team?
Answer: B
Explanation:
The certification body must ensure that audit team members possess the competencies necessary for the scope and complexity of the audit.
* ISO/IEC 17021-1:2015 Clause 7.2.1 states: "The certification body shall have a process for determining the competence required for personnel involved in the management and performance of audits."
* ISO/IEC 42001:2023 Clause 9.2 stresses that audit personnel must have appropriate knowledge of AI systems and the management system standards.
* The Lead Auditor Training Manual also explains: "The audit team must collectively possess all the necessary knowledge and skills determined through formal analysis by the certification body." Reference: ISO/IEC 17021-1:2015 Clause 7.2.1; ISO/IEC 42001:2023 Clause 9.2.
NEW QUESTION # 120
Which international standard does the top management of NeuraGen apply to govern the effective use of AI?
(Refer to Scenario 1)
Scenario: NeuraGen, founded by a team of AI experts and data scientists, has gained attention for its advanced use of artificial intelligence. It specializes in developing personalized learning platforms powered by AI algorithms. MindMeld, its innovative product, is an educational platform that uses machine learning and stands out by learning from both labeled and unlabeled data during its training process. This approach allows MindMeld to use a wide range of educational content and personalize learning experiences with exceptional accuracy. Furthermore, MindMeld employs an advanced AI system capable of handling a wide variety of tasks, consistently delivering a satisfactory level of performance. This approach improves the effectiveness of educational materials and adapts to different learners' needs.
NeuraGen skillfully handles data management and AI system development, particularly for MindMeld.
Initially, NeuraGen sources data from a diverse array of origins, examining patterns, relationships, trends, and anomalies. This data is then refined and formatted for compatibility with MindMeld, ensuring that any irrelevant or extraneous information is systematically eliminated. Following this, values are adjusted to a unified scale to facilitate mathematical comparability. A crucial step in this process is the rigorous removal of all personally identifiable information (PII) to protect individual privacy. Finally, the data is subjected to quality checks to assess its completeness, identify any potential bias, and evaluate other factors that could impact the platform's efficacy and reliability.
NeuraGen has implemented an advanced artificial intelligence management system (AIMS) based on ISO
/IEC 42001 to support its efforts in AI-driven education. This system provides a framework for managing the life cycle of AI projects, ensuring that development and deployment are guided by ethical standards and best practices.
NeuraGen's top management is key to running the AIMS effectively. Applying an international standard that specifically provides guidance for the highest level of company leadership on governing the effective use of AI, they embed ethical principles such as fairness, transparency, and accountability directly into their strategic operations and decision-making processes.
While the company excels in ensuring fairness, transparency, reliability, safety, and privacy in its AI applications, actively preventing bias, fostering a clear understanding of AI decisions, guaranteeing system dependability, and protecting user data, it struggles to clearly define who is responsible for the development, deployment, and outcomes of its AI systems. Consequently, it becomes difficult to determine responsibility when issues arise, which undermines trust and accountability, both critical for the integrity and success of AI initiatives.
Answer: B
Explanation:
The scenario states: "Applying an international standard that specifically provides guidance for the highest level of company leadership on governing the effective use of AI..." This aligns directly with ISO/IEC 38507.
ISO/IEC 38507:2022 - Governance implications of the use of artificial intelligence by organizations - provides guidance to the governing body (i.e., top management) of organizations on how to ensure the proper oversight, accountability, and ethical use of AI. It complements ISO/IEC 42001 by focusing specifically on leadership roles and responsibilities in AI governance.
Option B (ISO/IEC 22989) refers to AI terminology and concepts.
Option C (ISO/IEC 23503) is not an officially published ISO standard relating to AI governance at this time.
Reference:
ISO/IEC 38507:2022 - Governance of AI, Clause 4
ISO/IEC 42001:2023, Clause 5.3 - Emphasis on leadership and ethical oversight PECB AI Lead Auditor Guide, Section 2.2 - Integration of ISO/IEC 38507 with ISO/IEC 42001
NEW QUESTION # 121
Based on Scenario 5, Alterhealth determined the audit time. Is this acceptable?
Scenario 5: Alterhealth is a mid-sized technology firm based in Toronto. Canada. It develops Al systems for healthcare providers, focusing on improving patient care, optimizing hospital workflows, and analyzing healthcare data for insights that can improve health outcomes.
To ensure responsible and effective use of Al in its
operations, Alterhealth has implemented an artificial intelligence management system AIMS based on ISO
/IEC 42001. After a year of having the AIMS in place, the
company decided to apply for a certification audit to obtain certification against ISO/IEC 42001.
The company contracted a certification body to conduct the audit, who assembled the audit team and appointed the audit team leader. The audit team leader had conducted a certification audit at Alterhealth in the past. The top management of Alterhealth decided to reject the appointment of this auditor because they believed that they would not receive added value from the audit. In response, the certification body appointed Jonathan, an independent auditor with no prior engagements with Alterhealth, as the new audit team leader. Jonathan's introduction marked the beginning of a collaborative process aimed at evaluating the conformity of the AIMS to ISO/IEC 42001 requirements.
The certification body determined the audit scope, which included only specific departments essential to the integration and application of Al, such as the Al Research, Machine Learning Applications, and Al Ethics and Compliance Departments, and did not cover all of the departments covered by the AIMS scope. Meanwhile, Alterhealth determined the audit time, setting the necessary time frame for planning and conducting a thorough and effective review to ensure all aspects of the AIMS within the selected departments were meticulously reviewed.
Afterward, Jonathan received a detailed offer from the certification body, outlining his role and including information related to the audit, such as the audit's duration, team members, their responsibilities, the limits to the audit engagement, and their salary compensation. With a clear mandate, Jonathan was tasked with a multitude of responsibilities: defining the audit objectives and criteria, planning the audit process, identifying and addressing audit risks, managing communication with Alterhealth, overseeing the audit team, and ensuring a smooth and conflict free execution.
With Jonathan's leadership and a well-defined audit framework in place, the certification audit proceeded with a structured and objective evaluation of Alterhealth's AIMS.
Answer: C
Explanation:
According to ISO/IEC 17021-1:2015 Clause 9.1.4, it is the responsibility of the certification body to determine the audit duration, based on factors such as the scope of the management system, number of personnel, complexity, and risk. While the auditee may provide input for logistical coordination, they do not have the authority to set the audit time unilaterally.
In Scenario 5, it is stated that "Alterhealth determined the audit time," which is not compliant with ISO/IEC
17021-1, as this responsibility lies with the certification body-not the auditee, and not the audit team leader alone.
Reference:
ISO/IEC 17021-1:2015, Clause 9.1.4 - Determination of audit time
ISO/IEC 42001:2023, Clause 9.2 - Internal and external audits
PECB ISO/IEC 42001 Lead Auditor Study Guide - Section: Certification Audit Management
NEW QUESTION # 122
Was the involvement of Ms. Rebecca Hayes, the internal auditor, necessary for the audit at ImoAI? Refer to scenario 9.
Scenario 9: ImoAl, headquartered in California. USA, provides Al solutions for various industries such as finance, healthcare, retail, and manufacturing. Its clients include major financial institutions seeking Al powered fraud detection systems, healthcare providers leveraging Al for diagnostics and patient care, retailers optimizing supply chain management with Al forecasting, and manufacturers enhancing production efficiency through Al-driven automation.
ImoAl has recently undergone a certification audit to ensure that its artificial intelligence management system AIMS is in compliance with ISO/IEC 42001. During the audit, a major nonconformity related to data security protocols was identified, requiring urgent resolution.
ImoAl swiftly initiated corrective actions to address the
major nonconformity. The audit follow-up, in agreement with the auditee, was scheduled six weeks after the initial audit. As part of exploring alternatives to audit follow-up, the audit team leader chose to verify the effectiveness of the actions taken by the auditee by scheduling a specific visit to ImoAI's premises.
The follow-up audit involved a thorough evaluation of the effectiveness of these actions. The audit team leader thoroughly examined the corrections, corrective actions, and root cause analysis conducted by ImoAl to assess whether they adequately addressed the nonconformity identified during the initial audit.
In conjunction with the external audit follow-up, ImoAl engaged its internal auditing team to oversee the progress of corrective actions. The AIMS manager of ImoAl updated Ms. Rebecca Hayes, the internal auditor, on the status of corrections and corrective actions prompted by the nonconformity identified during the external audit. Subsequently, Ms. Hayes thoroughly reviewed these measures, analyzing the corrections, root causes, and effectiveness of the implemented actions.
Upon satisfactory validation of the action plans, ImoAl was recommended for certification.
Answer: A
Explanation:
Internal auditors play a vital role in the organization's continual improvement process by following up on corrective actions and ensuring nonconformities are resolved effectively. ISO/IEC 42001:2023 Clause 9.2 (Internal Audit) and ISO 19011:2018 promote internal audits as essential tools for monitoring and validating the status of corrective actions.
Involving Ms. Hayes, the internal auditor, to review the status of corrections, root causes, and their effectiveness is both appropriate and beneficial. Her actions supported the management system's internal verification prior to the external audit team's final decision.
Reference:
ISO/IEC 42001:2023 Clause 9.2 - Internal Audit
ISO 19011:2018 Clause 5.6 - Internal audit follow-up procedures
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NEW QUESTION # 123
How does ISO 19011 recommend auditors select audit criteria?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Audit criteria should be selectedaccording to the requirements of the management system standard (e.g., ISO/IEC 42001:2023)and theorganization's objectives.
PerISO 19011:2018 - Clause 5.4.2, audit criteria must be defined based onstandards, statutory requirements, internal policies, procedures, and contractual obligationsrelevant to the audit.
Random selection or convenience-based criteria are not acceptable in professional audit practice.
Reference: ISO 19011:2018 - Clause 5.4.2 (Establishing audit objectives, scope and criteria) ISO/IEC 42001:2023 - Clause 9.2.1 (Internal Audit planning) PECB Lead Auditor Guide - Domain 3: "Defining Audit Criteria and Reference Documents"
NEW QUESTION # 124
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